Rat Bite Fever: Symptoms, Causes and What to Do After a Bite
Rat bite fever is a bacterial illness linked to rodents. It spreads through bites, scratches and contact with rodent waste. It is treatable with antibiotics when found early. This is general health information, not medical advice. If you feel unwell after rodent contact, talk to a doctor and mention the exposure.
What is rat bite fever?
Rat bite fever is a bacterial infection caused mainly by Streptobacillus moniliformis in North America. Rodents can carry the bacteria without looking sick. People catch it through bites or scratches, by touching an infected animal or its waste, or by eating or drinking something contaminated.
What are the symptoms?
Symptoms often begin within three to ten days and can include fever, chills, vomiting, headache, muscle and joint pain, and a rash that often starts on the hands and feet. Joint swelling and pain can also appear. A bite that has healed can still lead to illness later.
What should I do after a rat or mouse bite?
Wash the wound with soap and warm running water right away, for several minutes. Cover it and see a doctor, especially if there is fever, swelling, redness or a rash. Tell the doctor the bite came from a rodent.
Is rat bite fever dangerous?
It can be serious if it is not treated. Doctors treat it with antibiotics, and early treatment gives the best outcome. Complications can include infections of the heart or other organs.
How do you lower the risk at home?
Avoid handling wild rodents, including dead ones, with bare hands. Use gloves, trap rodents and keep food sealed. Fix the entry points so they cannot return. Wash your hands after any contact with traps or droppings.
When to call a professional
Rodents that you see in daylight, droppings in several rooms or sounds in walls mean a larger problem. A professional inspection finds the source and gives you a written quote.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can a mouse bite cause rat bite fever?
Yes, mice can carry the bacteria, although rats are more often linked to it.
How long until symptoms show?
Usually three to ten days, but sometimes longer.
Do I need a doctor for a small scratch?
If you have fever, a rash or joint pain after any rodent bite or scratch, see a doctor.
